Anti-lipid antigen antibodies are specific and quantitative markers of mycoplasma infection.
Lipid antigens are candidate for vaccination.
Chemically synthesized and lopomelized lipid-antigens are able to be prepared.
Mycoplasma infected and non-infected patients among each disordes, such as asthma, multiple sclerosis, ,could be selected , and estimated the effect of each drug.
Mycoplasma lipid-antigens are a useful tool for the understanding molecular mechanism of chronic inflammatory diseases, and for devising strategies fo regulation of the immune system and for drug discovery.
The inquiry from a research institution, a medical institution, a clinical examination center, etc. .
Mycoplasma have been reported as pathogens of autoimmune diseases, rheumatic diseases, asthma. However, it was difficult to fix the pathogenesis, because there were not reliable diagnostic tools to identify or detect them.
M Bio Technology Inc. have succeeded to determine the structures of the specific-lipid antigens of them and also succeeded to synthesize them completely by chemical synthesis. Base on these high-technology, we are developing diagnostic tools and aiming novel type of drugs.
Mycoplasma atypical pneumonia can be complicated by Stevens–Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, encephalitis, or Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Chronic mycoplasma infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatological diseases.
Myelitis is one of the most severe central nervous system complications seen in association with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and both acute transverse myelitis (ATM) as well as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) have been observed.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune mediated disease of the brain. ADEM produces multiple inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord, particularly in the white matter.
As it involves autoimmune demyelination, it is similar to multiple sclerosis, and is considered part of the Multiple sclerosis borderline diseases.
Although it occurs in all ages, most reported cases are in children and adolescents, with the average age around 5 to 8 years old.
The mortality rate may be as high as 5%, full recovery is seen in 50 to 75% of cases. The average time to recover is one to six months.
・Yiş U, Kurul SH, Cakmakçi H, Dirik E. (2008) Mycoplasma pneumoniae: nervous system complications in childhood and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr. 167:973-978.
・Tsiodras S, Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, Voumbourakis K, Giamarellou H. (2006) Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated myelitis: a comprehensive review. Eur J Neurol. 13:112-124.
・Westenfelder GO, Akey DT, Corwin SJ, Vick NA. (1981) Acute transverse myelitis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Arch Neurol. 38:317-318.
・Riedel K, Kempf VA, Bechtold A, Klimmer M. (2001) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in an adolescent. Infection. 29:240-242.
The majority of CFS cases start suddenly, usually accompanied by a "flu-like illness" while a significant proportion of cases begin within several months of severe adverse stress.
The most commonly used diagnostic criteria and definition of CFS for research and clinical purposes were published by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC recommends the following three criteria be fulfilled:
1.A new onset of severe fatigue for six consecutive months or greater duration 2.The fatigue causes a significant reduction of previous activity levels. 3.Four or more of the following symptoms that last six months or longer: ・Impaired memory or concentration ・Post-exertional malaise, where physical or mental exertions bring on "extreme, prolonged exhaustion and sickness" ・Unrefreshing sleep ・Muscle pain (myalgia) ・Pain in multiple joints (arthralgia) ・Headaches of a new kind or greater severity ・Sore throat, frequent or recurring ・Tender lymph nodes (cervical or axillary)
Other common symptoms include: Irritable bowel, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea or bloating, Chills and night sweats, Brain fog, Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Chronic cough, Visual disturbances (blurring, sensitivity to light, eye pain or dry eyes), Allergies or sensitivities to foods, alcohol, odors, chemicals, medications or noise, Difficulty maintaining upright position (orthostatic instability, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, balance problems or fainting), Psychological problems (depression, irritability, mood swings, anxiety, panic attacks)
It is essential to exclude certain diseases, which would be tragic to miss: Addison’s disease, Cushing’s Syndrome, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, iron deficiency, other treatable forms of anemia, iron overload syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. It is also essential to exclude treatable sleep disorders such as upper airway resistance syndrome and obstructive or central sleep apnea; rheumatological disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, polymyositis and polymyalgia rheumatica; immune disorders such as AIDS; neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinsonism, myasthenia gravis and B12 deficiency; infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, chronic hepatitis, Lyme disease, etc.
“Myalgic Encephalomyelitis” and “Chronic Fatigue Syndrome” are used interchangeably and this illness is referred to as “ME/CFS”. The Expert Consensus Panel, selected by Health Canada, established clinical criteria, and developed an integrative diagnostic and treatment approach to ME/CFS.
Most patients enjoyed a healthy, active lifestyle prior to the onset of ME/CFS. Many infectious agents may trigger ME/CFS.
Antibiotic treatment for mycoplasma and chlamydia: Suggested antibiotic treatments for confirmed mycoplasma or chlamydia infections
Common symptoms of asthma include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing, and use of accessory muscle. Symptoms are often worse at night or in the early morning, or in response to exercise or cold air.
Asthma is caused by environmental and genetic factors.
Many environmental risk factors have been associated with asthma development and morbidity in children.
The strongest risk factor for developing asthma is a history of atopic disease.
Both virus and bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract infection can worsen asthma.
Respiratory infections such as Mycoplasma pneumniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis are correlated with asthma exacerbations.
The term "atopy" was coined to describe this triad of atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints.
There are over 100 different forms of arthritis.The most common form, osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age. Other arthritis forms are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and related autoimmune diseases. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection.
These include: Ankylosing spondylitis, Gout and pseudogout, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Septic arthritis, Still's disease, Haemochromatosis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Hepatitis, Inflammatory bowel disease (Including Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis), Lyme disease, Psoriasis (Psoriatic arthritis), Reactive arthritis, Sarcoidosis,Wegener's granulomatosis (and many other vasculitis syndromes)
Anemia is a decrease in number of red blood cells (RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood.
Most commonly, people with anemia report nonspecific symptoms of a feeling of weakness, or fatigue, general malaise and sometimes poor concentration. They may also report dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion.
In very severe anemia, ｔhe patient may have symptoms related to this, such as palpitations, angina (if pre-existing heart disease is present), intermittent claudication of the legs, and symptoms of heart failure.
Causes of anemia may be classified as impaired red blood cell (RBC) production, increased RBC destruction (hemolytic anemias), blood loss and fluid overload (hypervolemia).
Early diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-infection has been eager to be established, and specific and sensitive diagnostic method using Mycoplasma pneumoniae lipid-antigen made it possible.
Within three days after onset of fever, we are able to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children seeing IgM which specifically increase in these patients.
Also we are able to see the incerese of IgG in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection who are previously infected and the IgM does not increase and IgG are increasing.
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases said that diagnosis of acute infections remains difficult, therefore, early recognition of outbreaks has been problematic, no national surveillance system exists, and trends is unknown, however, with improved diagnostic testing, more cases may be identified.
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop a fever, cough, or shortness of breath. While there are numerous causes for these symptoms, you will need to be checked for pneumonia.
Also, call if you have been diagnosed with this type of pneumonia and your symptoms become worse.
Each year an estimated 2 million cases and 100,000 pneumonia-related hospitalizations occur in the United States.
Ｗith improved diagnostic testing, more cases may be identified.
VACCINE FOR MYCOPLASMA INFECTION (WO/2010/140377 PCT/JP2010/003732) M Bio Technology inc., National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, National Institute of Infectios Diseases
Novel Technologies for Mycoplasma Lipid-antigen Discovery and Vaccine Development. 18th Congress of The International Organization for Mycoplasmology. (2010) Matsuda, K.
Joint Congress of 5th AOM & 38th JSM October 19-21, 2011 Nagasaki, JAPAN. Symposium II : Recent clinical topics and issues of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Is it Possible to Diagnose Mycoplasma pneumonie infection Earlier? Kazuhiro Matsuda
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences Antigens: Lipids
Kazuhiro Matsuda Research and Development, M Bio Technology, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Molecular mechanisms of lipid-antigen recognition are important in the frontier of immunology. Possible pathogeneses of autoimmune diseases and tumours now include infections with microorganisms. Therefore, the role of vaccines is increasingly important, as advancing technology has now broadened the targets of vaccination to include a greater number of infectious diseases, tumours, chronic infections, autoimmune diseases and allergies. In order to prevent infectious diseases through vaccination, it is important to identify specific antigens which often exist in the cell membrane and capsule and also become the centre of host-pathogen interactions. Structural analysis of lipid-antigens is critical for understanding the mechanisms of molecular interactions involved in the pathogenesis of immune abnormalities, and for devising strategies surrounding immune system regulation and drug discovery. (This article has been accepted and will be published at 2011.12.15.) eLS is published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
*eLS (formerly known as the Encyclopedia of Life Sciences) is a monthly-updating reference work containing over 4800 specially commissioned, peer-reviewed and citable articles written by leaders in the field.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient medical system that takes a deep understanding of the laws and patterns of nature and applies them to the human body. TCM is not "New Age," nor is it a patchwork of different healing modalities. TCM is a complete medical system that has been practiced for more than five thousand years.
At the heart of TCM is the tenet that the root cause of illnesses, not their symptoms, must be treated. In modern-day terms, TCM is holistic in its approach; it views every aspect of a person's body, mind, spirit, and emotions as part of one complete circle rather than loosely connected pieces to be treated individually.
Probiotic organisms are live microorganisms that are thought to be beneficial to the host organism. According to the currently adopted definition by the United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization（FAO）/WHO, probiotics are: "Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host".
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics; but certain yeasts and bacilli may also be used.
The Motor Neurone Disease Association is the only national charity in England, Wales and Northern Ireland that funds and promotes global research into the disease and provides support for people affected by MND.
The International Alliance is the peak body for national organisations who support people living with ALS/MND. The Alliance has undertaken several initiatives, including publication of background documents, created two awards, and initiated bursaries to assist members to attend the International Alliance meeting and a Support Grant to support the formation of new Associations, or the establishment of recently formed Associations.
Mycoplasmas (except M. pneumoniae) are usually commensal respiratory and urogenital tract inhabitants, but they can become pathogenic. M. orale and M. salivarium , usually commensals of the oro-pharynx, may be found in the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic bronchitis, although it is not clear that they have an effect on severity of bronchitis. M. salivarium has been found in a biofilm of an occluded biliary stent and is implicated in periodontal disease. This pathogen may also cause arthritis in cases of hypogammaglobulinemia. M. fermentans is a co-factor of HIV and may cause lung and brain infection in AIDS patients M. fermentans is also detected in patients with inflammatory arthritic disorders, gulf war syndrome.
・Taylor-Robinson, D., & Bebear, C. (1997). Antibiotic susceptibilities of mycoplasmas and treatment of mycoplasmal infections. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 40:622. ・Eskow, E., Adelson, M. E., Rao, R. V. S., & Mordechai, E. (2003). Evidence for disseminated Mycoplasma fermentans in New Jersey residents with antecedent tick attachment and subsequent musculoskeletal symptoms. JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, 9:77.
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology is dedicated to the advancement of the knowledge and practice of allergy, asthma and immunology for optimal patient care.
It is important to understand what triggers your symptoms and what makes them go away. Common asthma triggers include: Many people with asthma have allergies, which can trigger asthma symptoms. Tobacco smoke, which is an irritant that often aggravates asthma.Viral and bacterial infections such as the common cold and sinusitis.
MedlinePlus is the National Institutes of Health's Web site for patients and their families and friends. Produced by the National Library of Medicine, it brings you information about diseases, conditions, and wellness issues in language you can understand.
The Organization for Small & Medium Enterprises and Regional Innovation, JAPAN (SME Support, JAPAN) is an independent administrative agency under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
