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An allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system. Allergic reactions occur when a person's immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment. A substance that causes a reaction is called an allergen. A substance that causes a reaction is called an allergen.
Risk factors for allergy can be placed in two general categories, namely host and environmental factors. Host factors include heredity, gender, race, and age, with heredity being by far the most significant. However, there have been recent increases in the incidence of allergic disorders that cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. Four major environmental candidates are alterations in exposure to infectious diseases during early childhood, environmental pollution, allergen levels, and dietary changes.
Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction) refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity.
The four-group classification was expounded by P. H. G. Gell and Robin Coombs in 1963.
Atopy, Anaphylaxis, Asthma
IgE and IgG4
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Erythroblastosis fetalis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Graves' disease, Myasthenia Gravis
IgM or IgG (Complement)
Serum sickness, Arthus reaction, Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (Hypersensitivity pneumonitis).
IgG (Complement)
Contact dermatitis, Mantoux test, Chronic transplant rejection, Multiple sclerosis
T-cells
Graves' disease, Myasthenia Gravis
IgM or IgG (Complement)