• Mycoplasma pneumonia (Adult)
• Mycoplasma pneumonia (Child)
• Asthma
• Nephritis
• Neurological disorders
• Hematologic disease
• Rheumatic disease
• Dermatoses
• Oculopathy
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Myocarditis
• CFS/MF
• Connective tissue disease
• Urethritis
• AIDS
• Allergy
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Kawasaki disease

Hematologic disease

Haematologial disorders and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infectious diseases

Anemia (autoimmune hemolytic anemia)

    Anemia is a decrease in number of red blood cells (RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood.

    Most commonly, people with anemia report nonspecific symptoms of a feeling of weakness, or fatigue, general malaise and sometimes poor concentration. They may also report dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion.

    In very severe anemia,　ｔhe patient may have symptoms related to this, such as palpitations, angina (if pre-existing heart disease is present), intermittent claudication of the legs, and symptoms of heart failure.

    Causes of anemia may be classified as impaired red blood cell (RBC) production, increased RBC destruction (hemolytic anemias), blood loss and fluid overload (hypervolemia).

    Hemolytic anemia, which also usually occurs in association with pneumonia, is a rare but severe manifestation of M. pneumoniae infection.

 

・Schulman P, Piemonte TC, Singh B. (1980) Acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. JAMA. 244:1823-1824.
・Wilson ML, Menjivar E, Kalapatapu V, Hand AP, Garber J, Ruiz MA. (2007) Mycoplasma pneumoniae associated with hemolytic anemia, cold agglutinins, and recurrent arterial thrombosis. South Med J. 100:215-217.
・Stéphan JL, Galambrun C, Pozzetto B, Grattard F, Bordigoni P. (1999) Aplastic anemia after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: a report of two cases. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 21:299-302.
・F. Daxbock, K. Zedtwitz-Liebenstein, H. Burgmann, W. Graninger, Severe hemolytic anemia and excessive leukocytosis masking mycoplasma pneumonia, Ann Hematol 80 (2001) 180-182.

Cold agglutinin disease

    Cold agglutinin disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of high concentrations of circulating antibodies, usually IgM, directed against red blood cells.

    It is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, specifically one in which antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28-31°C.

    In adults, this is typically due to a lymphoproliferative disease such as lymphoma and chronic lymphoid leukemia, or infection.

    In children, cold agglutinin disease is often secondary to an infection, such as Mycoplasma pneumonia, mononucleosis, and HIV.

・S. Ciaffoni, R. Luzzati, C. Roata, A. Turrini, O. Antonello, G. Aprili, Presence and significance of cold agglutinins in patients with HIV infection, Haematologica 77 (1992) 233-236.

T\hrombocytopenia

    Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a fatal disease characterized by widespread platelet aggregation, hemolytic anemia and fever with renal and neurological involvement.

    Different factors have been associated with the development of TTP, e.g. infections, pregnancy, chemotherapy, drug therapy and bone marrow transplantation.

・Cherry JD. (1993) Anemia and mucocutaneous lesions due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Clin Infect Dis. Suppl 1:S47-51.
・Bar Meir E, Amital H, Levy Y, Kneller A, Bar-Dayan Y, Shoenfeld Y. (2000) Mycoplasma-pneumoniae-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Acta Haematol. 103:112-115.
・C.J. Chen, C.J. Juan, M.L. Hsu, Y.S. Lai, S.P. Lin, S.N. Cheng, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting as neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and acute hepatitis in a child, J Microbiol Immunol Infect 37 (2004) 128-130.

・E.M. Shankar, N. Kumarasamy, P. Balakrishnan, A. Vengatesan, H. Kownhar, S. Solomon, U.A. Rao, Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in HIV-infected patients using a microparticle agglutination test, J Med Microbiol 55 (2006) 759-763.